The link is to a book by carl zapffre on stainless steel and has a good historical background section. Ferritic stainless steels are ideal for applications ranging from appliances to nextgeneration, hot end exhaust systems. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication. Stainless steel ss is an alloy steel with a minimum chromium content of 10.
A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution. Ferritic nitrocarburizing sometimes abbreviated fnc is a case hardening processes that diffuses nitrogen and carbon into ferrous metals at subcritical temperatures during a salt bath. Stainless steel specification and composition chart. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used. Sus329j1 denotes austenitic and ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steels table 2 are straightchromium 400 series types that cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and only moderately hardened by cold working.
Nssc austeniticferritic duplex with a duplex structure of austentie and ferrite, duplex type stainless steels show excellence in corrosion resistance and strength. From a practical standpoint, ferrite can be considered pure iron at a low temperature. Types of stainless steel used in piping hardhat engineer. Higher prices are driving stainless steel users to seek more cost effective solutions. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic.
Engineering book store engineering forum excel app. Nov 26, 2018 ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition. Ferritic stainless steels have properties similar to those of mild steel but show. Types 405, 409, 430, 422 and 446 are representative of this group. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, super ferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of super ferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity. High performance stainless steels nickel institute.
Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1. Oct 23, 2001 410 is the basic martensitic grade stainless steel. Carpenters stainless steel blue book carpenter technology. This grade of steel was developed as a stainless steel group that can resist oxidation and corrosion, specifically stress cracking corrosion scc. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel case study on.
Reference module in materials science and materials engineering. Ferritic stainless steels can have good to excellent corrosion resistance depending on the chemical composition of the specific grade. Austenitic vs ferritic steel stainless steel sheets. The ferritic and martensitic stainless grades 400 series are generally free from austenite, have high permeabilities and so will attract a magnet. Offers good corrosion resistance to many environments. The therma range contains 12 products for use in applications with high service temperatures. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444. A useful chart of relevant information on austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation hardening grades of stainless steels including. A preliminary ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram new diagram allows the prediction of ferrite and martensite in arc welds based on weld metal composition by m. Stainless steel specification and composition table chart. Normally the chromium content of the ferritic stainless steel ranges from 14 to 27 wt%. Stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels article pdf available in journal of materials in civil engineering 282.
Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their. Sigma phase is a nonmagnetic intermetallic phase composed mainly of iron and chromium which forms in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels during exposure at temperatures of 1050 to 1800 degrees f 560 to 980 c it causes loss of ductility, toughness and is generally strain intolerant, or brittle at. Grade 409 is a stabilized ferritic stainless steel. They are optimised for high hardness, although other properties can be compromised. Ferritic may also refer to a type of steel called ferritic steel. The ferritic solution provides an overview of the properties of ferritic stainless steels, the advantages of using them and the applications where they can be used. Ferritic stainless steels have resistance to sulfur containing hot gases and lower thermal expansion. Ferritic stainless steel alloys can generally be classified into five groups, three families of standard grades groups 1 to 3 and two families of specialty grade steels groups 4 and 5. Ferritic can refer to substances in a solution, in a solid or liquid state.
It has a nickel content of at least of 7%, which makes the steel structure fully austenitic and gives it ductility, a large scale of service temperature, nonmagnetic properties and good weldability. Stainless steels, ferritic request pdf researchgate. Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic. Many grades of ferritic stainless steel also contain smaller amounts of elements such as molybdenum, nickel. Besides the basic ironchromium, there are different elements added stainless steel and each bring specific properties. High resistance to general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444 ferritic stainless steel welds article in materials characterization 595. When stressed to 90% of its yield strength and placed in a 212. What is stainless steel austenitic ferritic martensitic. Oct 07, 2016 microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1. Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its. They are the austenitic, ferritic, and duplex austenitic ferritic families. Martensitic stainless steels are similar in composition to. Table 1 chemical composition of ferritic stainless steel studied.
After carbon steel, stainless steel is most widely used material in process industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance property. This number is used to group similar base metals, allowing qualification of an entire selection versus qualification of just one. Where grades are quoted in the text, the european standard en classification is given, followed by the american iron and steel institute aisi equivalent in brackets. Austenitic stainless steels include the 200 and 300 series of which type 304 is the most common. Characterization of cracks of welded joint of ferritic. These steels can be magnetised in an electric field and so can be used for electric solenoid cores, where good corrosion resistance is required. Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their growth. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1. Ferritic stainless steels are nonhardenable fecr alloys.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with at least 10. Aug 31, 2008 new generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. They are magnetic, have good ductility and resistance to corrosion and oxidation. For example, the p number 1 is assigned to carbon manganese or low carbon steel base metals. Martensitic stainless steel alloys are often ideal for applications. Ferritic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. New generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. Ferritic stainless steels are classified in the 400 series, usually with 10% to 30% chromium content, and are often chosen for their. The ferritic alloys dantsizens alloy contained 14 to 16%. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns ferritic.
Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1 15. Ferritic stainless steel properties and applications. The stainless steels in each family have general similarities, but there is also a wide range of corrosion resistance and other characteristics. It is magnetic and not capable of hardening through heating. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication characteristics and weldability. Download table chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic steel is a type of steel that is composed of less than 0. This structure is responsible for them having distinctly different properties to austenitic. Ferritic definition of ferritic by the free dictionary. Ferritic stainless steels are ferromagnetic and have been used as soft magnetic components such as solenoid cores and pole pieces.
Similar to austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. In the present work, an experimental research programme was carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of various ferritic stainless steels at temperatures up to c. Based on arc welds made using commercial martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, this diagram has proven to be extremely accurate in predicting weld metal microstructure within the composition limits of the diagram. It was possible to obtain very low carbon levels at the steelmaking stage. Ferritic ferrite stainless steel tubes 430 405 409 410s. Mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steels at. Ferritic stainless steel contains higher chromium content than the martensitic stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steels are nonhardenable by heat treating. Those steels with molybdenum additions have improved pitting corrosion resistance. What are martensitic, ferritic and austenitic stainless steel alloys. The least common category of stainless steel alloy. Stabilised grades for heavy section welding and high temperature applications. This book became a classic in the stainless steel industry and undoubt. Most astm and asme standards list the steel grades by their uns unified numbering system numbers but also make reference, where appropriate to the more general aisi american iron and steel institute grade designations.
Chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. The stainless steel cycle starts with carbon steel scrap, primary metals, and slag. Their corrosion resistance tends to be lower than either ferritic or austenitic alloys, but they have a high hardness. Novel formation of ferrite in ingot of 0cr17ni4cu4nb stainless steel. Pdf stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels. Information about chromium from the us geological survey. There are three primary classifications within the highperformance stainless steels. That means, titanium and chromium stabilize it, with eleven percent chromium being the minimum amount. Ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition. Request pdf stainless steels, ferritic the structure, corrosion resistance, and. A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram.
Metal products distributor supplier metals and materials table of contents. Chemical compositions of aisi astm asme and uns ferritic stainless steel grades introduction aisi astm asme and uns. This paper describes prelim inary research to develop a constitution. Improved resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride environments. Performance of ferritic stainless steels for automobile. Type 430 is the generalpurpose stainless of the ferritic group. Corrosion resistance is primarily determined by the chromium content. These base metals are grouped by material and assigned p numbers based on what material they are. The next step is the production by steel mills of hot rolled and of cold finished steel products, with some scrap which is directly reused in the melting shop. Composition of some ferritic stainless steels in wt %.
High temperature properties of ferritic stainless steels designed for exhaust. Austenitic stainless steels are classified in the 200 and 300 series, with 16% to 30% chromium and 2% to 20% nickel for enhanced surface quality, formability, increased corrosion and wear resistance. Ironcarbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which ferrite. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, superferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of superferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity. High performance stainless steels stainless steel world. First and foremost stainless steels great claim to fame is its ability to resist corrosion. The material presented in this reference book has been prepared for the general. The primary alloying additions are chromium and nickel. While standard ferritic steels are, by far, the largest consumer group in terms of tonnage, demand for specialty grade stainless steels is increasing steadily. Ferritic stainless steel, which are part of the 400 series of stainless alloys, have chromium as their major alloying element and are typically low in carbon content. The most common stainless steel grade, 304, is used in about 60% of applications for stainless steel around the world. Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic grade. Austenitic stainless steel is the most widely used type of stainless steel. What is the family lean duplex ss lower nickel and no molybdenum 2101, 2102, 2202, 2304 duplex ss higher nickel and molybdenum 2205, 2003, 2404 super duplex 25chromium and higher nickel and molybdenum plus 2507, 255 and z100 hyper duplex more cr, ni, mo and n 2707.
681 38 825 210 660 1265 190 782 1503 1475 776 1306 545 628 208 542 86 708 531 527 766 124 937 844 728 699 759 884 352 858 973